The
reader’s attention is called to a matter which may create
confusion if not understood. Section 14 of chapter 1 begins the
author’s recital of quotations from the early fathers. These
quotations continue on into those of writers of later centuries.
Some of the early
quotations, while confirming adult immersion, seem to imply
baptismal regeneration, as, for example, the quotations from
Barnabas, chapter 1, section 14; from Justin Martyr, chapter 2,
section 4, second paragraph; and others which will be obvious to
the critical reader.
Two explanations are
offered for these apparent contradictions of Baptist conviction
on believers baptism: (1) there was already creeping into
beliefs of the early Christians the idea that baptism had
something to do with one’s salvation, for baptismal regeneration
is the earliest heresy this side of Judaism. (2) many of these
writers express themselves in very definite symbolism, so that
the symbol is made to appear to be the real sense which it is
intended to represent.
This is not without
abundant precedent in the New Testament. For example, in Acts
22:16, Paul in recounting his conversion says: “arise, and be
baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the
Lord.” Without the teaching on salvation from the rest of the
New Testament, one would be led to believe that Paul meant that
actual water baptism washed away his sins, while it is obvious
that he is using this expression in a symbolic sense. Another
good example is in John 6:53, 54. Jesus here speaks of eating
his flesh and drinking his blood. It is obvious again that the
expression is symbolic, though it seems to say that one must eat
his actual flesh and drink his actual blood.
In such a sense the
early Christian writers often express themselves.
Furthermore, the
historian uses these quotations to prove especially that adult
baptism is all that is known in this time, by showing that each
candidate for baptism was required to think and act for himself.
No infant baptism known in these early times is the historian’s
contention. |