Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream
A TROUBLED KING
|
“And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar,
Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit
was troubled, and his sleep brake from him.” Daniel
2:l. |
As Nebuchadnezzar did not become king until after the death
of his father, Nabopolassar, in B. C. 605, the second year
of his reign would be B. C. 603, and as Daniel and his
companions were carried captive in B. C. 606, and were in
training for three years, the dream of Nebuchadnezzar did
not occur until sometime after they had graduated from the
“Palace School,” or “National University.” This accounts for
why they were included among those who were to be slain
(verses 13, 18), though for some reason they do not appear
to have been informed as to the demand of the King. Verses
14-15.
But before we consider the “Dream” and its interpretation,
it would be well to inquire as to why Nebuchadnezzar was
chosen to receive the “Revelation” that it conveyed. The
“Revelation” could have been made to Daniel or some other
prophet. We often read of the “Divine Right” of kings. If
there ever was a king who had a “Divine Right” to rule it
was Nebuchadnezzar. He did not assume it, but was directly
given it by God.
“Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel: thus shall
ye say unto your masters: I have made the earth. the
man and the beast that are upon the ground, by my
great power and by my outstretched arm, and have
given it unto whom it seemed meet unto me. And now
have I given all these lands into the hand of
NEBUCHADNEZZAR the King of Babylon, my servant; and
the beasts of the field have I given him also to
serve him. And ALL NATIONS shall serve him, and HIS
SON, and HIS SON’S SON, until the very time of his
land come: and then many nations and great kings
shall serve themselves of him. And it shall come to
pass, that the nation and kingdom which will not
serve the same Nebuchadnezzar the King of Babylon,
and that will not put their neck under the yoke of
the King of Babylon, that nation will I punish,
saith the Lord, with the sword, and with the famine,
and with the pestilence, until I have consumed them
by his hand.” Jer. 27:4-8. |
From this Scripture we see that Nebuchadnezzar was Divinely
chosen for his work. Whether he knew it or not, we are not
told. We do know, however. that he was greatly puffed up by
his greatness. For we read that as he walked in his palace
one day he exclaimed – “Is not this great Babylon, that I
have built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my
power, and for the honor of my majesty?” Dan. 4:29-30. It
seemed meet and proper therefore that he should have the
“Dream,” which, with its interpretation, would disclose to
him that his greatness was not the result of his own ability
apart from God. and that the glories of his Empire would
soon pass away.
Thus it came to pass that early in his reign, as he lay one
day on a sumptuous couch in his palace. thinking about the
greatness of his kingdom and wondering what its future would
he. he fell into a slumber. The impressions of his waking
thoughts had not left him, and in his sleeping consciousness
they began to visualize themselves until he saw in his dream
a great Image, “whose brightness was excellent,” and the
“form thereof was terrible.” The form was “terrible”
doubtless because of the colossal size of the “Image,” and
its “brightness” was caused by a supernatural light that
fell from the heavens and was reflected from the burnished
metals that composed it. While the king, transfixed, looked
in awe and astonishment upon the “Image,” he saw a stone
detach itself from a neighboring mountain and smite the
“Image” upon its feet, and the “Image” collapsed, turned to
powder, and was blown away, and to his amazement the “stone”
grew larger and larger until it covered the whole plain on
which the “Image” had stood.
We must distinguish between dreams and visions. Dreams occur
in the transition stage between loss of “waking
consciousness” and “sound sleep.” Between the two there is
what is called a state of “sleeping consciousness,” during
which we may dream but never know it. The dreams that we
have and remember occur when we are waking, and if not of a
vivid character they fade as we try to recall them. Visions
occur in our wakeful moments when our mind is absorbed on
some thought, so that we are unconscious as to what is going
on about us. Visions are an ocular phenomenon and are seen
when the eyelids are closed. The vision appears on the
inside of the eyelid and is sufficiently luminous to be seen
by the eye, and if the eyelid is not moved the vision will
remain indefinitely and can be studied in detail. The writer
speaks from his own experience as to this. For several days
during a severe illness visions would appear in his waking
moments whenever he closed his eyes.
Dreamers naturally dream of things with which they are
familiar. A dreamer of fifty years ago would not dream of
automobiles or airships, and a dreamer of today would not be
likely to dream of the class of vehicles used one hundred
years ago. In the time of Nebuchadnezzar gigantic statues
were common. We find them today among the ruins of Egypt.
Now Nebuchadnezzar had just returned from Egypt, having
conquered it. What more natural then than having seen the
gigantic statues of Egypt, erected by the Kings of Egypt to
commemorate their memory, Nebuchadnezzar before he fell
asleep had been thinking of such a method of preserving his
own memory. But the difference was that the “Image” that
Nebuchadnezzar saw was of metal, while the images of Egypt
were of stone. The metallic character of the “Image,” and
its being composed of more than one kind of metal, was to
the King significant, and as all Orientals lay much stress
on dreams, and as it was God’s method in Old Testament times
of conveying to heathen kings, such as Pharaoh, what He
purposed to do, naturally Nebuchadnezzar wished to know what
his dream meant. But so awesome and frightful was it, that
the King awoke in terror, troubled and perplexed, and before
he could collect himself the dream had faded from his
memory.
“Then the king commanded to call the ‘Magicians,’ and the
‘Astrologers,’ and the ‘Sorcerers,’ and the
‘Chaldeans,’ for to shew the king his dreams. So
they came and stood before the king. And the king
said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my
spirit was troubled to know the dream.” Verses 2-3. |
The “Magicians” were such as practiced magic. That is, they
practiced all the superstitious rites and ceremonies of
fortune tellers, etc. “Astrologers” were men who pretended
to foretell future events by the study of the stars. It was
much in vogue among the Eastern nations of antiquity.
“Sorcerers” were such as pretended to hold communication
with the dead. They used potions, and claimed to possess
supernatural power or knowledge gained in any manner, but
especially through the aid of evil spirits, of which modern
spiritualism is an example. The “Chaldeans” here mentioned
were a sect of philosophers who made the sciences their
special study. It was to this class that Daniel and his
companions belonged.
“Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriac, O king,
live forever: tell thy servants the dream, and we
will show the interpretation. The king answered and
said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if
ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the
interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces,
and your houses shall be made a dunghill. But if ye
shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye
shall receive of me gifts and rewards and great
honor: therefore shew me the dream, and the
interpretation thereof. They answered again and
said, Let the king tell his servants the dream, and
we will shew the interpretation of it. The king
answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would
gain the time, because ye see the thing is gone from
me. But if ye will not make known unto me the dream,
there is but one decree for you: for ye have
prepared lying and corrupt words to speak before me,
till the time be changed: therefore tell me the
dream, and I shall know that ye can shew me the
interpretation thereof.” Verses 4-9. |
The ancient fortune tellers and interpreters of dreams were
adepts in the art of drawing out sufficient information to
form a basis for some shrewd prognostication, and the
framing of their answer in such an ambiguous manner that it
would appear correct whichever way the event would go. The
Chaldeans therefore figured that if the king would tell them
the dream, they could agree on some interpretation that
would seem plausible, and thus save their reputation. But
this was inconsistent with their claim that they possessed
occult powers and could get superhuman information. From
this standpoint the king’s demand that they reproduce his
dream was not unreasonable. When the king saw that they
could not reproduce his dream he lost all confidence in
their claims, and naturally and justly charged them as being
impostors, and with “sparring for time” until the “time be
changed,” that is. until the matter had passed from his
memory and he was no longer solicitous about it.
That the claim of the Chaldeans that they could communicate
with the “gods” was false is evident from their own
confession.
“The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is
not a man upon the earth that can shew the king’s
matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler,
that asked such things at any Magician, or
Astrologer, or Chaldean. And it is a rare thing that
the king requireth, and there is none other that can
shew it before the king, EXCEPT THE GODS, whose
dwelling is not with flesh.” Verses 10-11. |
When the Chaldeans confessed that no one – “except the
gods,” could reproduce the Dream, they acknowledged, because
they could not reproduce it, that they had no power with the
gods, thus justifying the king’s charge that they were
impostors.
“For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and
commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.
And the decree went forth that the wise men should
be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to
be slain.” Verses 12-13. |
Whether the severity of the sentence pronounced upon them
was justifiable we may question. The Magicians, Astrologers,
Sorcerers, and Chaldeans were numerous, wealthy, and
influential bodies. They were composed of the learned and
cultivated classes of Babylon, and to cause their
destruction was to weaken the Empire. What the execution of
the sentence would have resulted in we can only imagine. but
happily it was averted. When the magicians and wise men of
Egypt could not interpret Pharaoh’s dreams, God had a Hebrew
captive, named Joseph, prepared for the task. So when the
wise men of Babylon could not recall or interpret the King’s
dream, God had a Hebrew captive, Daniel, on the scene. Why
Daniel was not among those first consulted we are not told.
He does not seem to have known anything about the matter
until Arioch, the king’s captain, came to arrest him. But
God’s hand doubtless was in all this. He first wanted to
show up the false claims of those heathen systems
represented by the wise men of Babylon, and have them
confess their incompetency. If Daniel had been called first
the wise men would have escaped the test. When Daniel
learned the mission of Arioch, he protested.
“Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the
captain of the king’s guard, which was gone forth to
slay the wise men of Babylon. He answered and said
to Arioch the king’s captain, Why is the decree so
hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing
known to Daniel. Then Daniel went in, and desired of
the king that he would give him time, and that he
would shew the king the interpretation.” Verses
14-16. |
Notice the faith of Daniel. He did not ask the king to
describe his dream, he simply asked for time, and with
sublime confidence promised the king that he would not only
reproduce the dream, but give its meaning. His request was
granted.
THE ALL-NIGHT PRAYER MEETING
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“Then Daniel went to his house, and made the thing known to
Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions: that
they would desire mercies of the God of Heaven
concerning this ‘secret;’ that Daniel and his
fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise
men of Babylon.” Verses 17-18. |
That was an epoch marking “Prayer Meeting.” Doubtless Daniel
would have been heard if he had gone off by himself and
prayed, but he believed in united prayer, and then his three
companions were as much interested in the matter as he, for
their lives were suspended in the same balance as his. If
Daniel could not keep his promise to the king all four would
perish. But something more than their lives was at stake. If
Daniel had failed God, the world would have missed that
great “REVELATION” that was locked up in that Dream and its
interpretation, the prophetic and historical outline of the
We are not told when the “Prayer Meeting” began, but we know
that it lasted far into the night, and did not close until
they had the assurance of a favorable answer. Then they
retired. Whether Daniel fell asleep and the Dream of
Nebuchadnezzar was repeated to him with the interpretation,
or as he lay on his couch he saw in vision the Image, and
the angel Gabriel appeared, as in later visions, and
revealed its meaning, we are not told. We simply read –
“Then was the ‘secret’ revealed unto Daniel in a ‘NIGHT
VISION.’ “ Verse 19.
Daniel was not elated because the dream was revealed to him.
He did not rush off in haste to the king to inquire if it
corresponded with what the king had seen. But his soul
unburdened itself in one of the most wonderful and beautiful
outbursts of praise recorded in the Bible. Daniel believed
in giving thanks for answered prayer. It contains a
sevenfold paean of praise.
Then Daniel blessed the God of Heaven. Daniel
answered and said, Blessed be the name of God
forever and ever: for –
1 – Wisdom and Might are His:
2 – And He changeth the ‘Times and the
Seasons:’
3 – He removeth kings, and setteth up kings:
4 – He giveth Wisdom unto the Wise,
5 – And Knowledge to them that know
understanding:
6 – He revealeth the deep and ‘Secret
Things:’
7 – He knoweth what is in the darkness, and
the light dwelleth with Him.
|
“I thank Thee, and praise Thee, O Thou God of my
fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and
hast made known unto ME now what WE desired of Thee:
for Thou hast now made known unto US the KING’S
MATTER.” Verses 19-23. |
While to Daniel alone the revelation was made, he did not
take all the credit to himself, but associated his
companions with himself in his thanksgiving. With no
unseemly haste, yet doubtless as soon as it was day, Daniel
hunted up Arioch.
“Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had
ordained to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went
and said thus unto him: Destroy not the wise men of
Babylon: bring me in before the King, and I will
shew unto the King the interpretation.” Verse 24. |
Daniel’s first request of Arioch was that he – “Destroy not
the wise men of Babylon.” Thus they were saved because there
was a “Man of God” among them, just as the prisoners and
sailors on that “corn ship” were saved for Paul’s sake. Acts
27:23-24.
The teaching of the Scriptures is that “The Wicked are blest
for the Righteous’ sake.” The house of Potiphar was blessed
for Joseph’s sake. Gen. 39:5. The Lord would have spared
Sodom if there had been ten righteous people in it. The
world has thus far been spared from judgment because of the
righteous people in it. When the Church is “caught out” the
world will be ripe for judgment. And as the wise men of
Babylon were spared for Daniel’s sake, so we are saved for
JESUS’ SAKE.
“Then Arioch brought in Daniel before the king in haste, and
said thus unto him, I have found a man of the
captives of Judah, that will make known unto the
King the interpretation.” Verse 25. |
It is characteristic of officials that they desire to
ingratiate themselves with their sovereign. So here Arioch
claims that he had discovered Daniel, saying, “I have found
a man,” forgetting, if he knew. that Daniel had personally
appeared before the King before and promised, if given time,
that he would make known the interpretation.
“The King answered and said to Daniel, whose name was
Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me
the dream which I have seen, and the interpretation
thereof? Daniel answered in the presence of the
King, and said, The ‘secret’ which the King hath
demanded cannot the wise men, the Astrologers, the
Magicians, the Soothsayers, shew unto the King; but
there is a GOD IN HEAVEN THAT REVEALETH SECRETS, and
maketh known to the King Nebuchadnezzar what shall
be in the
|
Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are
these: as for thee, O King, thy thoughts came into
thy mind upon thy bed. what should come to pass
HEREAFTER: and he that revealeth secrets maketh
known to thee what shall come to pass. But as for
me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom
that I have more than any living, but for their
sakes that shall make known the interpretation to
the King, and that thou might est know the thoughts
of thy heart.” Verses 26-30. |
The King’s question to Daniel, “Art thou able to make known
unto me the ‘Dream’ which I have seen, and the
interpretation thereof?” – for the King classed Daniel among
the “wise men” and doubtless was somewhat suspicious that he
was any abler than they to make known the “Dream” and
interpret it-gave Daniel the opportunity to explain why the
“wise men” could not make known the dream. It was beyond
their province. It was something that only God, the
“REVEALER OF SECRETS,” could do, because it had reference to
things that were to come to pass in the “LATTER DAYS.” And
lest the King should give him the credit Daniel declared
that the “Secret” was not revealed to him for any wisdom of
his own, but that the King might not only know what the
future of his Kingdom was to be, but that he might know what
was to come to pass in the far distant future.
“Thou, O King, sawest, and behold a great Image. This great
Image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before
thee: and the form thereof was terrible. This
Image’s head was of fine gold, his breast and his
arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass,
his legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of
clay. Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out
without hands, which smote the Image upon his feet
that were of iron and clay, and brake them to
pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the
silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and
became like the chaff of the summer threshing
floors: and the wind carried them away, that no
place was found for them: and the stone that smote
the Image became a great Mountain, and filled the
whole earth.” Verses 31-35. |
We can imagine the King’s feelings when he had his “Dream”
repeated to him. The “Image” stood out in every detail just
as he had seen it in his sleep. And what must he have
thought of Daniel. He must have been amazed at his spiritual
insight and wisdom, which would give him confidence in the
interpretation of the “Dream” when it was unfolded unto him.
I. THE HEAD. THE
BABYLONIAN
EMPIRE. |
“This is the ‘Dream:’ and we will tell the
interpretation thereof before the King. Thou, o
King, art a king of kings: for the God of heaven
hath given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and
glory. And wheresoever the children of men dwell,
the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven
hath He given into thine hand, and hath made thee
ruler over them all.
THOU ART THIS HEAD OF GOLD.
|
II. THE ARMS AND BREAST. THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE. |
And after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior
to
thee, |
III. THE ABDOMEN. THE GRECIAN EMPIRE. |
and another third kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule
over all the earth. |
IV. THE LEGS. THE
ROMAN EMPIRE. |
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as
iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and
as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in
pieces and bruise. |
THE FEET
AND TOES. |
And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of
potter’s clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall
be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength
of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed
with miry clay. And as the toes of the feet were
part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall
be partly strong, and partly broken. And whereas
thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall
mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they
shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not
mixed with clay.
|
V. THE STONE. THE
MILLENNIAL KINGDOM OF CHRIST. |
And in the days of these kings (the kings represented by the
Ten Toes) shall the God of Heaven set up a Kingdom,
which shall never be destroyed: and the Kingdom
shall not be left to other people, but it shall
break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and
it shall stand FOREVER. |
THE PURPOSE OF
THE DREAM. |
Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the
mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces
the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the
gold: the great God hath made known to the King what
shall come to pass HEREAFTER: and the dream is
certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.”
Verses 36-45. |
If Nebuchadnezzar was astonished when he heard Daniel repeat
his “Dream,” he must have been thunderstruck when he heard
the interpretation, and learned how his own Kingdom would
fall and be succeeded by inferior ones, until all world
kingdoms should be destroyed. The interpretation of the
“Dream” is certainly one that human ingenuity could not have
hit upon. The wise men and flatterers of the Chaldean court
would never have dared to announce the downfall of
Nebuchadnezzar’s Kingdom, and the final termination of
Gentile supremacy.
In the Golden Headed Image of Nebuchadnezzar’s “Dream” we
have a “Visualized Portraiture” of the”Times of the
Gentiles.” The phrase “The Times of the Gentiles” is not
found in the Book of Daniel, but is a New Testament phrase
used by the Lord. It was used by Him in His “Olivet
Discourse” in reference to the destruction of Jerusalem in
A. D. 70, where He said – “And Jerusalem shall be trodden
down of the Gentiles, until the ‘TIMES, OF THE GENTILES’ be
fulfilled.” Luke 21:24. In the phrase, “The Times of the
Gentiles,” Jesus had reference to a “PERIOD OF TIME” of
certain chronological limits, that corresponds to the time
that the Jewish Nation shall be without a king. It is
foretold by Hosea.
“The Children of Israel shall abide MANY DAYS without a
king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and
without an image, and without an ephod, and without
teraphim: AFTERWARD shall the Children of Israel return, and
see the Lord their God, and David their King; and shall fear
the Lord and His goodness IN THE LATTER DAYS.” Hosea 3:4-5. |
The “Times of the Gentiles” did not begin at the
“Destruction of Jerusalem” in A. D. 70, but at the time when
Daniel was carried captive to Babylon in B. C. 606, and will
continue until Christ comes back and sets up His Millennial
or “Stone Kingdom,” represented by the “Stone” cut out of
the mountain in Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream. We must not confound
the phrase “The Times of the Gentiles” with the phrase the
“Fulness of the Gentiles,” used by the Apostle Paul in Rom.
11:25. The “Fulness of the Gentiles” has no reference to the
“Times of the Gentiles,” but to the Gentiles who are being
“called out” in this Dispensation by the Holy Spirit as
members of Christ’s Body – “The Church.” When their number
is complete, or FULL, then Christ will take out His Church,
and the “Fulness of the Gentiles” will be complete. This
“Divine Program” is outlined in Acts 15:13-17.
While this present Dispensation is spoken of distinctively
in the Scriptures as “MAN’S DAY” (see I Cor. 4:3, margin),
the term applies to the whole period of the “Times of the
Gentiles.” This is the day of the “DEIFICATION OF MAN.” From
the day when Nebuchadnezzar set up in the Plain of Dura that
“Golden Image,” typical of himself, and commanded all the
people of his realm to worship it (Dan. 3:1-7), until the
False Prophet shall command that the people shall make an
“Image to the Beast” (The Antichrist) and worship the same
(Rev. 13:13-17), the only suitable symbol to describe the
character of the “Times of the Gentiles” is the “Image of a
Man.” How suitable then was the “Golden Headed Image” of
Nebuchadnezzar’s “Dream” to describe the character of the
“Times of the Gentiles.” The deterioration of the “Times of
the Gentiles” is seen in the DIMINISHING VALUE OF THE METALS
from gold, to silver, to brass, to iron, to iron and clay.
Whereas if the world is growing better the metals should
have been in reverse order. The weight of the Image also
declines. The specific gravity of gold is 19.5, of silver
10.47, of brass 8, of cast-iron 5, of clay 1.93. The “Image”
is TOP-HEAVY. From this we see that Gentile dominion is
represented by a huge “METALLIC MAN” that degenerates in
character from head to foot.
THE HISTORICAL FULFILMENT |
The “Image” symbolizes the four great World Empires in their
UNITY and HISTORICAL SUCCESSION. There are to be four, and
only four, great World Empires on the earth from the
accession of Nebuchadnezzar to the throne of Babylon, to the
Second Coming of Christ. They are represented by the four
metals of the Image. Men like Napoleon have hoped, plotted
and warred to establish a “Fifth” World Empire, and have
failed. These Empires are not only made known as to number,
but their NAMES, in the ORDER OF THEIR SUCCESSION, are
given.
The First Empire is pointed out by Daniel, in his
interpretation of the Image, as BABYLON, in his words to
Nebuchadnezzar-“THOU art the HEAD OF GOLD.” It will be
noticed in studying the “Interpretation” that Daniel uses
the words “King” and “Kingdom” interchangeably. The writer
uses the word “Empire” instead of “Kingdom” because there
was a succession of kings in each Empire while it lasted,
and in profane history those kings were called Emperors. The
title of Emperor today is rare, because the Empires of the
world have been broken up into small Kingdoms. This is a
fulfilment of the teaching of the “Image,” whose feet are
divided into “Ten Toes” called Kingdoms. Nebuchadnezzar,
after reigning forty-four years, died in B. C. 561. He was
succeeded by his son Evil-Merodach, who after an ignoble
reign of two years was assassinated by his brother-in-law,
Neriglissar, who seized the throne, and after reigning for
about four years was killed in battle in B. C. 556. He was
succeeded by his son Laborosoarched, an imbecile child, who
after nine months’ reign was beaten to death, and Nabonidus,
another son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar, who had married the
widow of Neriglissar, seized the throne and reigned for
seventeen years, during the whole of which period Babylon
was threatened with invasion by the Persians, and it was
while Nabonidus was on a military expedition that Babylon
was taken, he having made his son Belshazzar the “second
ruler” and left him in charge of the city. That was why
Belshazzar had to make Daniel the “third ruler,” because he
himself was the second. Thus we see that Nebuchadnezzar was
properly called the “HEAD OF GOLD,” because all his
successors were inferior men. With the death of Belshazzar
the Babylonian Empire ceased to exist.
2. THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE |
The Second Empire, the MEDO-PERSIAN, is pointed out by
Daniel in his account of the “Fall of Babylon” in the
words-“In that night was Belshazzar the king of the
Chaldeans slain, and Darius the MEDIAN took the Kingdom.”
Dan. 5:30-31. It is also pointed out in the “Vision of the
Ram and He-Goat” (Dan. 8:20), where the two horns of the
Ram, that correspond to the two arms of the Image (see
chart), are called the kings of Media and Persia. Thus we
see that while the Babylonian Empire was single-headed, the
Medo-Persian was a dual Empire, represented by the “two
arms” of the Image and the “two horns” of the Ram. The left
arm of the Image representing Media the weaker, and the
right arm Persia the stronger Kingdom. The fact that the
Medo- Persian Empire is represented by the “Silver” of the
Image indicates that, as silver is inferior to gold, so the
Medo-Persian Empire was inferior to the Babylonian. This we
know was true, not in extent. for Cyrus conquered more
territory, but in wealth, luxury, and magnificence.
Cyrus has the honor of being named in the Scriptures 175
years before he took Babylon. In Isa. 44:28 and 45:1-4, we
read –
“That saith of CYRUS, He is my shepherd, and shall perform
all my pleasure: even saying to JERUSALEM – Thou shalt be
built; and to the TEMPLE – Thy foundation shall be laid.
Thus saith the Lord to His anointed, to CYRUS, whose right
hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will
loose the loins of kings (as those of Belshazzar) to open
before him (Cyrus) the TWO LEAVED GATES (of Babylon); and
the gates shall not be shut (which was true of the inner
gates of Babylon, in the river walls, on the night of the
siege); ... For Jacob my servant’s sake, and Israel mine
elect, I have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed
thee, though thou hast NOT KNOWN ME.” |
From this Scripture we see that Cyrus was foreordained, over
a hundred years before he was born, to do two things. First
to besiege and take Babylon, and secondly to issue an Edict,
at the close of the “Babylonian Captivity,” in B. C. 536,
for the return of the Jews and the rebuilding of the Temple.
At the taking of Babylon, B. C. 538, Cyrus, as an act of
courtesy, because Media was the older of the two Kingdoms
Media and Persia, and because he had some other military
campaigns to finish, assigned the governorship of Babylon to
his uncle Darius, the king of Media, who ruled for two
years. The same year (B. C. 536) Cambyses, king of Persia,
Cyrus’ father, also died, thus making Cyrus the sale monarch
of the Dual Kingdom. After a reign of seven years, Cyrus
left the Empire to his son Cambyses, who reigned seven years
and five months, to B. C. 522. Eight monarchs, whose reigns
varied from seven months to forty-six years each, followed
in succession until B. C. 335, when Darius Codomanus became
the last of the long line of Persian kings. He was a noble
person, and a long and splendid career would undoubtedly
have been his, but it was his misfortune to have ascended
the throne when the time had come for the “Silver” of the
Image to give place to the “Brass,” and nothing could
prevent the change, and in B. C. 330 Alexander the Grecian
conquered the Persian Empire.
The Third Empire, the GRECIAN, is identified in Dan. 8:21,
by the angel Gabriel as the “He-Goat,” that destroyed the
“Ram,” which represented the Medo- Persian Empire.
“The ‘Ram’ which thou sawest having two horns are the kings
of MEDIA and PERSIA. And the ‘Rough Goat’ (the He-Goat) is
the king of GRECIA (Greece): and the ‘Great Horn’ that is
between his eyes is the first king.” (Alexander the Great).
Dan. 8:20-21. |
Again we see inferiority, for “Brass” is an inferior metal
to “Silver.” The Grecian Empire, as a World- Wide Empire,
with Alexander as its head, was of short duration. After
eight short years he died of intemperance and marsh fever in
B. C. 323, in his thirty-third year, and his Empire was
divided among four of his generals. See the exposition of
chapter eight.
Right here we must not forget that the prophecy does not say
that the Four World Empires are to succeed each other
without a break. From the death of Alexander the Great, B.
C. 323, to B. C. 30, when the Roman Empire succeeded the
Grecian, the Grecian Empire was not a single Empire, but a
fourfold Empire, composed of the Kingdoms of Thrace,
Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt. These fell one by one until the
Romans conquered Egypt in B. C. 30, which made them the
conquerors of the world. This division of the Grecian Empire
into four parts is not shown on the Image, as there is no
break in the “Brass,” between the “Silver” and the “Iron” of
the Image, but the fact is revealed in the story of the
“He-Goat” in chapter 8:21-25.
Another explanation is necessary at this point. The words –
“his belly and thighs of brass,” are a mistranslation. The
word translated “thighs” is singular, and should be
translated the “Thigh-part.” A little explanation will make
this clear. As we have already seen, the Grecian Empire was
divided into four parts, that disappeared one by one, until
the last, Egypt, was conquered in B. C. 30, and the fourth
or Roman Empire came into existence. Now as the Roman Empire
was not divided into its Eastern and Western Divisions,
which represent the two legs of the Image, until A. D. 364,
all that went before of the Roman Empire belongs to the BODY
of the Image, and not the legs, as shown on the Chart. The
Scripture would be clearer, and better express what we now
know from history it was intended to express, if we read the
passage as follows – “His belly (abdomen) of brass, and his
Thigh-parts (buttocks) and legs of iron, his feet part of
iron and part of clay.” Verses 32-33.
The Fourth Empire, the ROMAN, is not named in the Book of
Daniel, but it is pointed out. In Daniel’s Vision of the
“Seventy Weeks,” chapter 9, verse 26, we read, that after
the “cutting off” (Crucifixion) of the “Messiah the Prince”
(Christ), Jerusalem and the Temple were to be destroyed by a
PEOPLE, from whom later should come a “Prince,” whom we
shall see will be the ANTICHRIST. Now we know that Jerusalem
and the Temple were destroyed by the Romans in A. D. 70, and
that Antichrist is to be the last Emperor of the Roman
Empire, and as Antichrist is the “LITTLE HORN” of the
“Fourth Wild Beast,” that corresponds to the “Iron” of the
Image, then the “Fourth Empire” is the “Roman.” Thus we see
that all four of the Empires symbolized by the metals of the
Image were pointed out in their historical succession to
Daniel, three of them before they ever came into existence.
If this does not prove the Divine Inspiration of the Book of
Daniel, what could?
There are three things that we are to note about the “Fourth
Empire.” First, as represented by the legs, it takes up in
length at least half of the Image, and therefore in
proportion the Roman Empire was to last longer than the
other Empires. This we know from history to be true. Second,
the Image is divided into “two legs,” this would imply that
the Roman Empire would be divided into TWO PARTS. This we
also know to be true, for the Roman Empire was divided into
its “Eastern Division” with Constantinople as the Capital,
and its “Western Division” with Rome as the Capital, in A.
D. 364. Third, the two feet of the “Image” are divided into
“five toes” each. These “TEN TOES” have not as yet
manifested themselves, so the historical fulfilment of the
Image is not yet complete. From what has been said we see
that the First Empire was a UNIT, the Second DUAL, the Third
became QUADRUPLE, and the Fourth, in its final form, will be
TEN-TOED. While the Roman Empire, as a visible Empire, does
not exist today, yet its laws, etc., are a controlling power
among the nations, and the Empire in a visible form is to be
revived, and in its revived and last form it will consist of
“Ten Federated Kingdoms,” represented by the “Ten Toes” of
the Image, at the head of which shall be the last Roman
Emperor and Gentile Ruler, the ANTICHRIST.
While the legs of the Image are of iron, the feet and toes
are of iron and potter’s clay. There is a mingling. hut not
a commingling. That is, there is no union of the iron and
the clay, and this condition is to continue until the feet
of the Image are smitten by the “Stone” cut out of the
Mountain.
The character of the Government of the different Empires
reveals the fact that the Image will become increasingly
unstable. The Babylonian Empire was an ABSOLUTE AUTOCRACY.
It was said of Nebuchadnezzar, “Whom he would he slew; and
whom he would he kept alive: and whom he would he set up:
and whom he would he put down.” Dan. 5:19. The Medo-Persian
Empire was not an autocracy. The Emperor was bound by
certain laws, called the “Laws of the Medes and Persians.”
Having once issued an Edict he could not recall it. As
illustrations we have the case of Darius, who earnestly
sought to deliver Daniel from the “lion’s den,” and of
Ahasuerus, who could not rescind his order for the slaughter
of the Jews, but could only issue a counter-decree
permitting them to stand for their lives and slay those who
would attempt to kill them. Esther 8:1-17. The Grecian
Empire was a Monarchy supported by a “Military Aristocracy,”
that was as weak as the ambitions of its leaders. The Roman
Emperors were nominally elected by the people, but the
people were neither allowed to legislate for them, nor to
interfere with them, and so their despotic sway is well
symbolized by “Iron,” which in the form of STEEL will cut
through every other metal. Rome was noted for her IRON-RULE.
But the form of Government grows weaker when we examine the
“Feet” and the “Toes,” composed of Iron and Clay. Here we
see “Imperialism” mixed with “Democracy.” The Iron
representing “Imperialism,” and the Clay “Democracy.” In
short the character of government passes from an “ABSOLUTE
AUTOCRACY” to a “DEMOCRATIC MONARCHY,” to the rule of the
“Head” by the “Feet,” to a form of Government in which the
masses, swayed by politicians and demagogues, who think only
of their own selfish interests, control the Government. Such
a form of government is the weakest that can be devised and
opens the way for the growth and development of Socialism,
Sovietism, Bolshevism, and Anarchy. The fact that such
phases of government are becoming more prominent seems to
indicate that, historically, we are now living in the time
indicated by the “Feet” of the “Image,” and that it will not
be long before the “Toes” will appear in the form of “Ten
Federated Nations,” over which a Roman Emperor will rule.
“Thou sawest till that a STONE was cut out without hands,
which smote the Image upon his FEET that were of
iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. Then was
the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the
gold, broken to pieces TOGETHER, and became like the
chaff of the summer threshing floors; and the wind
carried them away, that no place was found for them:
and the STONE that smote the Image became a GREAT
MOUNTAIN, AND FILLED THE WHOLE EARTH.” Dan. 2:34-35. |
The interpretation of this is given in verse 44.
“In the days of these kings shall the God of Heaven set up a
KINGDOM, which shall never be destroyed: and the Kingdom
shall not be left to other people (that is, it shall not be
succeeded by other kingdoms), but it shall break in pieces
and consume all these Kingdoms (the Kingdoms represented by
the Metals of the Image), and it shall STAND FOREVER.” |
The climax of the Dream is the smiting of the Image by a
“STONE” cut out of a mountain without hands, thus showing
the “Stone’s” supernatural origin. The “Stone” does not
“fill the earth” by degrees and thus “crowd out” the Image,
it at one blow DEMOLISHES IT, and its remains are blown
away. The action of the “Stone” is JUDGMENT, not Grace. Not
the spread of a “Spiritual Kingdom” by the preaching of the
Gospel, but the immediate setting up of an outward and
visible earthly Kingdom. The “Stone” therefore cannot mean
Christianity, for it is a PROCESS, whereas the action of the
“Stone” is SUDDEN AND CALAMITOUS. Again the TIME of the
destruction is not until AFTER THE FORMATION OF THE TOES OF
THE IMAGE. We know that the “Legs” of the Image did not
appear until A. D. 364, when the Roman Empire was divided
into its Eastern and Western Divisions, and the “Ten Toes”
have not yet developed. The time when the “Stone” falls on
the feel of the Colossus is distinctly given in the
interpretation as – “IN THE DAYS OF THESE KINGS.” What
kings? Not the kings of the Four World Empires, represented
by the four metals of the Image, that would only bring us
down to the “First Advent,” and would make Christianity the
smiting Stone, but by “these kings” we are to understand the
kings of the “Ten Federated Kingdoms,” represented by the
“Toes” of the Image. So we see that the TIME of the smiting
was not when Christ came the First time, but when He comes
the Second time.
The “Stone” is not Christianity but CHRIST. He is everywhere
in Scripture spoken of as “THE STONE.” To the Jews He was “A
Stone of stumbling, and rock of offence.” He was the Stone
that the builders rejected, that was to become the head of
the corner. Christ must have had in mind the “Falling Stone”
of Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream when he prophetically uttered the
words-“And whosoever shall fall on this Stone (Christ) shall
be broken (melted into repentance), but on whomsoever it
shall fall, it will GRIND HIM TO POWDER.” Matt. 21:44. The
“Stone” smites the Image, the Image does not smite the
Stone. Did Christ when He came the First time smite and
destroy the Roman Empire? No. The Roman Empire smote Him and
was the cause of His death. So we see that the First Coming
of Christ was not the “Falling of the Stone,” for it is
still future and cannot be until His Second Coming.
Some object that because it says – “Then was the iron, the
clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces
TOGETHER,” that that cannot be, because the Empires
represented by the “Gold,” the “Silver,” the “Brass,” and
the “Iron” have passed away. As outward visible Empires this
is true. But we must not forget that those Empires were
incorporated into their successors, and that all of them
will be found in the last phase of the revived Roman Empire.
As proof of this we have the description of the “Beast” that
comes up out of the sea (and the sea is a symbol of the
nations) in Rev. 13:1-2, where we read –
“And the Beast which I saw was like a LEOPARD, and his feet
were as the feet of a BEAR, and his mouth as the mouth of a
LION: and the Dragon (Satan) gave him his power, and his
seat, and great authority.” |
Now we shall see in our study of Daniel’s Vision of the
“Four Wild Beasts,” chapter seven, that the “Wild Beasts”
correspond to the metals of the Image. That is, the “Gold”
corresponds to the “Lion,” the “Silver” to the “Bear,” the
“Brass” to the “Leopard,” and the “Iron” to the Fourth
Beast. In John’s description of the “Beast” out of the sea,
given above, which is a description of the last phase of the
revived Roman Empire, we see that the “Beast” is a
“composite beast,” composed of a body like that of a
“Leopard,” with the feet of a “Bear,” and the mouth of a
“Lion,” the “Fourth Wild Beast” being represented by the
whole of the Beast. Now we see from this that the revived
Roman Empire will be a composite Empire, composed of the
“Lion” (Babylon), the “Bear” (Medo- Persia), the “Leopard”
(Greece), and the Beast itself (Rome). As the body, which is
the largest part of a beast, in John’s Beast is that of a
Leopard, the inference is that the last phase of the Roman
Empire will be mainly Grecian.
The Mountain out of which the “Stone” is cut by invisible
hands represents Israel, for of Israel Christ came. This is
confirmed by the words of Jacob in blessing his sons, where
he speaks of-“The Shepherd, the STONE OF ISRAEL” (Gen.
49:24), which can refer to no other than Christ. The
Mountain into which the “Stone” grows and fills the whole
earth is the “Stone” or “Millennia! Kingdom” of Christ. The
four Empires or Kingdoms symbolized by the Image were
LITERAL Kingdoms. It follows then that the “Stone Kingdom,”
which is to take their place, must also be a LITERAL
Kingdom, for it is to conquer and control the whole earth.
It is for this Kingdom, and not a spiritual Kingdom, that
Christ taught His Disciples to pray in the words – “Thy
Kingdom Come.” If a Spiritual Kingdom was meant, and such a
Kingdom is now present, then we should no longer pray- “Thy
Kingdom COME,” for it is already here.
“Then the King, Nebuchadnezzar, fell upon his face, and
worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should
offer an oblation and sweet odors unto him. The King
answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is,
that YOUR GOD is a ‘GOD OF GODS,’ and a ‘LORD OF
KINGS,’ and a ‘REVEALER OF SECRETS,’ seeing thou
couldest reveal this SECRET (of the Dream). Then the
King made Daniel a great man, and gave him many
great gifts, and made him Ruler over the whole
province of Babylon, and ‘Chief of the Governors’
over all the Wise Men of Babylon. Then Daniel
requested of the King, and he set Shadrach, Meshach,
and Abed-nego, over the affairs of the province of
Babylon: but Daniel sat in the gate of the King.”
Verses 46-49. |
It took courage for Daniel to stand before a proud monarch
like Nebuchadnezzar and announce to him that his Empire
would not long survive his death. But Daniel was too loyal
to his God to keep back the truth. The effect upon the King
was the reverse of that which naturally was to be expected.
Instead of professing to not believe a word of the
interpretation, he falls upon his face and worships Daniel,
thus testifying IO Daniel’s superhuman wisdom. Only God
could have wrought such a change in the King. He also
commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odors
unto Danie1. That Daniel protested seems clear from the
words-“The King answered unto Danie1.” The King then gave
testimony to the character of Daniel’s God. The language is
striking, in that it bears witness to the Trinity. Your God
is a “God of Gods” (the Father), and a “Lord of Kings” (the
Son), and a “Revealer of Secrets” (the Holy Spirit). What
effect the reproduction of the Dream and its Interpretation
had upon the Magicians, Astrologers, Sorcerers, and
Chaldeans, we are not told, but they must have realized that
they were not in Daniel’s. class, that what they professed
he possessed.
Daniel’s reward was twofold. He was made a “Great Man.”
There are two things in this world that are supposed to make
a man “Great.” The first is “RICHES,” the second is “POWER.”
Daniel received both. He was loaded with gifts, and made a
Ruler over the Province of Babylon, and “Chief of the
Governors” over the “Wise Men.” But Daniel did not forget
his companions, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, in his
exaltation. They had helped him by their prayers to secure
the needed information as to the King’s Dream, and he was
determined that they should share in his honors, so he
besought the King in their behalf, and they were given
prominent offices, while Daniel sat in the “Gate of the
King,” the place where Councils were held, and matters of
chief moment decided.
This chapter is one of the most remarkable in the Bible. It
gives us a prophetical outline of the history of the Gentile
nations, in their relation to the nation of Israel. from the
time of Nebuchadnezzar on down to the Second Coming of
Christ. If the statesmen and kings of the earth knew about
it, and would heed its teaching, they would not be so
ambitious to become world rulers, and would see in the rise
of lawless organizations that we are nearing the end of the
“Times of the Gentiles,” and that the Second Coming of the
Lord is not so far away. |